- Introduction
- Section 2
- operator precedence table
- operator precedence parsing the input
- Simple LR Parsing
- Canonical LR Parsing
- Canonical -CLR parsing the input string
- Lookahead LR Parsing
A bottom-up parser creates the parse tree for a given input string starting from leaves towards the root. A bottom-up parser tries to find the right-most derivation of the given input string in the reverse order. Bottom-up parsing is also known as shift-reduce parsing. Bottom-up parsing is the process of "reducing" a string ‘w’ to the start symbol of the grammar. At each reduction step, a particular substring matching the right-side of a production is replaced by the symbol on the left-side of the production. If the substring is chosen correctly, a right most derivation is traced out in reverse. A general style of bottom-up syntax analysis, known as shift-reduce parsing. Two types of bottom-up parsing: Operator-Precedence parsing - an easy to implement form of shift reduce parsing. LR parsing - a much more general form of Shift Reduce Parsing. LR parsing is used in a number of automatic parser generators. Informally a Handle of a string ‘w’ is a substring that matches the RHS of some production and whose reduction to the non-terminal on the LHS of the production represents one step along the reverse of a rightmost derivation. But not every substring that matches the right side of a production rule is handle. A rightmost derivation in reverse can be obtained by “handle-pruning.”
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Dr M Kowsigan working as an Associate Professor in the Department of Computing Technologies, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, has about 15+ years of teaching experience. He received his Bachelor of Technology in Information Technology from Anna University, Master of Technology in Information Technology from Anna University, Master of Business Administration in Human Resource Management from Bharathiyar University Coimbatore and Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science & Engineering in Anna University, Chennai. He has published around 45 research papers in referred international Journals. His most of the research papers comes under theoretical computer science. He has completed 2 consultancy projects. His area of research includes Theoretical Computer Science, Compiler Design, Distributed Computing, Big Data Technologies, IoT etc.