- Basic Operations a computer
- Types of Bus system
- Multi bus system
- Types of addressing modes
- Types of Instructions
- Execution of an instruction
- Reading computer memory
- Types of memory
An instruction cycle, also known as fetch-decode-execute cycle is the basic operational process of a computer. This process is repeated continuously by CPU from boot up to shut down of computer. The way any operand is selected during the program execution is dependent on the addressing mode of the instruction. Different languages read their text in different orders. For example, English reads from left to right, while Arabic is read right to left. This is exactly what endianness is for computers. Endianness means that the bytes in computer memory are read in a certain order. Endianness is represented two ways Big-endian (BE) and Little-endian (LE). Based on the no. of addresses, we can classify the instructions into 4 types: Zero Address Instructions, One Address Instructions, Address Instructions, Three Address Instructions. The five hierarchies in the memory are registers, cache, main memory, magnetic discs, and magnetic tapes. The first three hierarchies are volatile memories which mean when there is no power, and then automatically they lose their stored data. Whereas the last two hierarchies are non-volatile which means they store the data permanently. To perform a given task an appropriate program consisting of a list of instructions is stored in the memory. Individual instructions are brought from the memory into the processor, which executes the specified operations. Data to be stored are also stored in the memory.
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Dr. A. Pandian is an Associate Professor in the Department of Computing Technologies, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India. He has over 28 years of experience in teaching and research. His research interests include text processing, information retrieval, and machine learning. Dr. A. Pandian has published several papers in top academic conferences and journals. He has also received several awards for his research. He is doing a SERB founded project titled "Development of Smart spectacles to monitor and modify myopia related health behavior in children" as a CO PI. Dr. Pandian is a highly skilled and experienced researcher. He has a deep understanding of text processing, information retrieval, and machine learning. He is also passionate about using his knowledge and skills to solve real-world problems. In addition to his research and teaching, Dr. Pandian is also actively involved in the professional community. He is a member of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) . He is also a regular reviewer for top academic conferences and journals. He successfully completed 4 Ph.D scholars